Through the crawling program Googlebot, Google Search Console fetches your website to scan through the content to see if there are known or temporary errors that may slow down accessibility and visibility.
When you select the Fetch & Render options, not only Google Search Console fetches content, but 'renders' it, alerting you and pointing you in the right direction of how to potentially solve problems on your website.
It is deemed that by fetching solely, Google will not scan through scripts or images - in other words will not go through the imagery of your content as your visitors will see it. In order to have a full view, you should also use the Fetch and Render function, which will enable Googlebot to run through the page or post as the viewer sees it, and highlight where the problem lies.