Some issues by doing this

There are some issues you will run into when doing this. It is important to be aware of them, and you should make a choice if you want to do the 2017 to 2018 change or not.

1. Ranking
As said before, changing permalink with a 301 redirect will keep your rank on Google. However, if your post is a high traffic post with high ranking on Google, you should NOT do this change. Then it's better to create a new post and refer to the updated post from the old one.

2. Comments
If your post has a lot of comments, they will still be dated from whenever in 2017 they were made. It will be confusing to the reader to see a new post with 6 months old comments. If you want your post to appear totally new, consider deleting the old comments and start over with an empty comment field.

3. Social share
Social share counts will drop to zero for the post because of the URL change. Images that are shared on social media from your page will not show anymore for the same reason.

4. Changing post date
Changing the post date will do nothing in regards to your Google ranking. It will just make the post appear new and move it to the front of your blogroll.
However, a study from MOZ seems to prove that faking post freshness like we just did can result in an increase in page views. You can read the study here:
https://moz.com/blog/case-study-can-you-fake-blog-post-freshness-

Next: Conclusion