What does it mean to be Indexed by Google?

So, it looks like I got indexed by google. I was excited, but at the same time a realized that there is still much work to do. I went to google search and didn't find anything, so am I looking for my site or my article. Not sure what being indexed by google really means for me at this point. I know I have to add more articles, to attract my audience, and that is cool. I see that a few of us have had received the bagged within the last 24 to 48 hours. Now what's next? I think I am not alone when it comes to this question. Yes it is exciting news, but after the excitement wears off, then what? I am not looking for quick results, I know that it can never be that simple. And I am being patient, patient enough to learn the skills needed to make sure that my site receives the traffic that it deserves, that I worked for. It's a great thing to have another notch on my belt here. I must admit, it feels good to see new badges added. I just wish that it would go towards something like my membership lol.